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Chapter 47 : Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic material; recovered (waste and scrap) paper or paperboard
Note. 1. For the purposes of heading 47.02, the expression "chemical wood pulp, dissolving grades" means chemical wood pulp having by weight an insoluble fraction of 92 % or more for soda or sulphate wood pulp or of 88 % or more for sulphite wood pulp after one hour in a caustic soda solution containing 18 % sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 20 ºC, and for sulphite wood pulp an ash content that does not exceed 0.15 % by weight. GENERAL
The pulp of this Chapter consists essentially of cellulose fibres obtained from various vegetable materials, or from waste textiles of vegetable origin.
The most important pulp in international trade is wood pulp, termed "mechanical wood pulp", "chemical wood pulp", "semi-chemical wood pulp" or "chemi-mechanical pulp", according to its method of preparation. The woods mostly used are pine, spruce, poplar and aspen, but harder woods such as beech, chestnut, eucalyptus and certain tropical woods are also used.
Other materials used for making pulp include : (1) Cotton linters. (2) Recovered (waste and scrap) paper or paperboard. (3) Rags (particularly cotton, linen or hemp) and other textile wastes such as old ropes. (4) Straw, esparto, flax, ramie, jute, hemp, sisal, bagasse, bamboo and various other grasses and reeds. Wood pulp may be brown or white. It may be semi-bleached or bleached by chemicals or may be unbleached. A pulp should be regarded as semi-bleached or bleached if, after manufacture, it has been subjected to any treatment intended to increase its degree of whiteness (brightness).
Apart from their use in the paper industry, some pulps (especially bleached pulps) serve as a source of cellulose in the manufacture of various products such as artificial textile materials, plastics, varnishes and explosives; they may also be used in cattle fodder.
Pulp is generally presented in baled sheets (whether or not perforated), wet or dry, but may sometimes be in slabs, in rolls or in the form of powder or flakes. The Chapter does not cover : (a) Cotton linters (heading 14.04). (b) Synthetic paper pulps consisting of sheets of non-coherent polyethylene or polypropylene fibres (heading 39.20). (c) Fibreboard (heading 44.11). (d) Filter blocks, slabs or plates, of paper pulp (heading 48.12). (e) Other articles of paper pulp (Chapter 48).
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